
Ministry for Foreign Affairs Export control Control of export of dual-use items Iceland controls exports of dual-use items, i.e. goods, technology or services that can be used for both military and civilian purposes, on the basis of international legal obligations that Iceland is party to. The purpose of export controls is to prevent dual-use items from being used in violation with Iceland's international legal obligations, including related to international sanctions, humanitarian and human rights law, etc. Icelandic legislation on export control takes into account and implements the regulation of the European Parliament and the Council (EU) 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 setting up a Union regime for the control of exports, brokering, technical assistance, transit and transfer of dual-use item, as amended. The Ministry for Foreign Affairs (MFA) is responsible for export control in Iceland. It sets policy and issues export authorisations. The MFA grants four types of export authorisations, i.e. individual export authorisation, general export authorisation, global export authorisation and large project authorisation. Lists of dual-use items subject to export authorisations can be found on lists published and implemented based on Act No. 67/2023 on Disarmament, Arms Control, and Export Control. The fee for export authorisations is ISK 25,000 (as of 2023, see Article 12 (19) of the Treasury Supplementary Income Act No 88/1991), to be paid with the application. A transfer can be made to the MFA's account 0303-26-000269 - 670269-4779. A receipt should be attached to the application. Applications for export authorisations should be sent to: [email protected]. Application Forms Form 1: APPLICATION FOR AUTHORISATION FOR EXPORT OF CONTROLLED ITEMS Form 2: END-USE CERTIFICATE International cooperation International obligations are based, inter alia, on the UN Charter, the Chemicals Weapons Agreement of 1992, the Arms Trade Treaty, the EEA Agreement and Iceland's participation in export control regimes, the Australian Group (Chemical and Biological Weapons), the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) and the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG). Iceland has submitted an application for participation in the Wassenaar Arrangement dealing with conventional weapons and dual-use items. Iceland already implements its rules and guidelines. Iceland is a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and is a member of, participates in or supports export control related organisations and cooperation including the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), the Hague Code of Conduct against Missile Proliferation (HCOC), the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI), the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism (GICNT) and the Global Threat Reduction Initiative (GTRI). Control lists See Regulation No. 1120/2023 on Export Control of Dual-Use Items, cf. Regulation of the European Parliament and the Council (EU) 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 setting up a Union regime for the control of exports, brokering, technical assistance, transit and transfer of dual-use item, as amended. Enforcement Customs and police authorities enforce export control legislation in co-operation with the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. The Ministry controls exports before they take place through licensing, the Customs Authority screens customs declarations, the police investigates breaches of export control legislation and prosecutors prosecute cases before the regular courts. Laws and regulations Act No. 67/2023 on Disarmament, Arms Control, and Export Control.Regulation No. 1120/2023 on Export Control of Dual-Use Items. This regulation implements: Regulation of the European Parliament and the Council (EU) 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 setting up a Union regime for the control of exports, brokering, technical assistance, transit and transfer of dual-use item, as amended. See also: Act No. 68/2023 on Implementation of International Sanctions and Asset Freeze. Non-Proliferation policy Iceland supports international efforts in the area of non-proliferation through international co-operation (see below) and implementation of all international obligations in this area. As a member of the United Nations, Iceland implements all Security Council (UNSC) resolutions on arms embargos and non-proliferation. It sponsors and supports non-proliferation initiatives at the UN, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (Preparatory Commission - CTBTO) and other international fora. Iceland aligns itself with EU positions on non-proliferation on the basis of the EEA Agreement of 1992. Selected WMD Conventions to which Iceland is a Party Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1996), entered into force for Iceland 26.6.2000 Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction (1993), entered into force 29.4.1997 Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological Biological and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction (1972), entered into force 26.3.1975 Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof (1971), entered into force 30.5.1972 Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (1968), entered into force 5.3.1970 Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water (1963), entered into force 29.4.1964 Selected Nuclear Related Conventions to which Iceland is a Party Additional protocol to the safeguards agreement (2003), entered into force for Iceland 12.9.2003 Joint convention on the safety of spent nuclear fuel management (1997), entered into force 27.4.2006 Convention on nuclear safety (1994), entered into force 2.9.2008 Convention on early notification of a nuclear accident (1986), entered into force 28.10.1989 Convention on assistance in the case of a nuclear accident of radiological emergency (1986), entered into force 26.2.2006 Convention on the physical protection of nuclear material (1980), entered into force 18.7.2002 Safeguards Agreement in connection with the NPT (1972), entered into force 16.10.1974 Protocol to the Safeguards Agreement in connection with the NPT (1972), entered into force 6.10.1974 Table of Contents Overview Useful links International Organisations Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO)European Union (EU)International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA)United Nations Security Council (UNSC)Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) International Agreements Arms Trade Treaty (ATT)Anti-Personnel Landmine Convention (APLC)Biological Weapons Convention (BWC)Cluster Munitions Convention (CCM)Certain Conventional Weapons Convention (CCWC)Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE)Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT)Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC)Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty (FMCT)Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)Treaty on Open Skies (OS) International Cooperation Australia Group (AG)Financial Action Task Force (FATF)Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism (GICNT)Hague Code of Conduct (HCOC)Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI)Wassenaar Arrangement (WA)Zangger Committee (ZC) Legal affairs Export control Sanctions

Export control

Control of export of dual-use items

Iceland controls exports of dual-use items, i.e. goods, technology or services that can be used for both military and civilian purposes, on the basis of international legal obligations that Iceland is party to. The purpose of export controls is to prevent dual-use items from being used in violation with Iceland's international legal obligations, including related to international sanctions, humanitarian and human rights law, etc.

Icelandic legislation on export control takes into account and implements the regulation of the European Parliament and the Council (EU) 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 setting up a Union regime for the control of exports, brokering, technical assistance, transit and transfer of dual-use item, as amended.

The Ministry for Foreign Affairs (MFA) is responsible for export control in Iceland. It sets policy and issues export authorisations. The MFA grants four types of export authorisations, i.e. individual export authorisation, general export authorisation, global export authorisation and large project authorisation. Lists of dual-use items subject to export authorisations can be found on lists published and implemented based on Act No. 67/2023 on Disarmament, Arms Control, and Export Control.

The fee for export authorisations is ISK 25,000 (as of 2023, see Article 12 (19) of the Treasury Supplementary Income Act No 88/1991), to be paid with the application. A transfer can be made to the MFA's account 0303-26-000269 - 670269-4779. A receipt should be attached to the application. Applications for export authorisations should be sent to: [email protected].

Application Forms

International cooperation

International obligations are based, inter alia, on the UN Charter, the Chemicals Weapons Agreement of 1992, the Arms Trade Treaty, the EEA Agreement and Iceland's participation in export control regimes, the Australian Group (Chemical and Biological Weapons), the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) and the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG). Iceland has submitted an application for participation in the Wassenaar Arrangement dealing with conventional weapons and dual-use items. Iceland already implements its rules and guidelines.

Iceland is a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and is a member of, participates in or supports export control related organisations and cooperation including the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), the Hague Code of Conduct against Missile Proliferation (HCOC), the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI), the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism (GICNT) and the Global Threat Reduction Initiative (GTRI).

Control lists

See Regulation No. 1120/2023 on Export Control of Dual-Use Items, cf. Regulation of the European Parliament and the Council (EU) 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 setting up a Union regime for the control of exports, brokering, technical assistance, transit and transfer of dual-use item, as amended.

Enforcement

Customs and police authorities enforce export control legislation in co-operation with the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. The Ministry controls exports before they take place through licensing, the Customs Authority screens customs declarations, the police investigates breaches of export control legislation and prosecutors prosecute cases before the regular courts.

Laws and regulations

Act No. 67/2023 on Disarmament, Arms Control, and Export Control.Regulation No. 1120/2023 on Export Control of Dual-Use Items.

This regulation implements:

Regulation of the European Parliament and the Council (EU) 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 setting up a Union regime for the control of exports, brokering, technical assistance, transit and transfer of dual-use item, as amended.

Non-Proliferation policy

Iceland supports international efforts in the area of non-proliferation through international co-operation (see below) and implementation of all international obligations in this area. As a member of the United Nations, Iceland implements all Security Council (UNSC) resolutions on arms embargos and non-proliferation. It sponsors and supports non-proliferation initiatives at the UN, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (Preparatory Commission - CTBTO) and other international fora. Iceland aligns itself with EU positions on non-proliferation on the basis of the EEA Agreement of 1992.

Selected WMD Conventions to which Iceland is a Party

Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1996), entered into force for Iceland 26.6.2000
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction (1993), entered into force 29.4.1997
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological Biological and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction (1972), entered into force 26.3.1975
Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof (1971), entered into force 30.5.1972
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (1968), entered into force 5.3.1970
Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water (1963), entered into force 29.4.1964
Selected Nuclear Related Conventions to which Iceland is a Party
Additional protocol to the safeguards agreement (2003), entered into force for Iceland 12.9.2003
Joint convention on the safety of spent nuclear fuel management (1997), entered into force 27.4.2006
Convention on nuclear safety (1994), entered into force 2.9.2008
Convention on early notification of a nuclear accident (1986), entered into force 28.10.1989
Convention on assistance in the case of a nuclear accident of radiological emergency (1986), entered into force 26.2.2006
Convention on the physical protection of nuclear material (1980), entered into force 18.7.2002
Safeguards Agreement in connection with the NPT (1972), entered into force 16.10.1974
Protocol to the Safeguards Agreement in connection with the NPT (1972), entered into force 6.10.1974

Useful links

International Organisations

Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO)European Union (EU)International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA)United Nations Security Council (UNSC)Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)

International Agreements

Arms Trade Treaty (ATT)Anti-Personnel Landmine Convention (APLC)Biological Weapons Convention (BWC)Cluster Munitions Convention (CCM)Certain Conventional Weapons Convention (CCWC)Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE)Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT)Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC)Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty (FMCT)Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)Treaty on Open Skies (OS)

International Cooperation

Australia Group (AG)Financial Action Task Force (FATF)Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism (GICNT)Hague Code of Conduct (HCOC)Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI)Wassenaar Arrangement (WA)Zangger Committee (ZC)